Hp NonStop G-Series Manual do Utilizador

Open System Services User's GuideAbstractThis guide describes the HP NonStop operating system Open System Services (OSS) user environment. The HP

Figures1 Manuals Related to the Open System Services User’s Guide...182 OSS and Guardian Application an

If your request has already been printed, or if there are no requests in the print queue, the systemresponds with the following message:No spooler job

The general format of the cp command is:cp source destinationsource is the name of the file to be copied, destination is the name of the file to which

$ ls reports file2 file3 Note that you do not have to specify file2 and file3 as part of dirname. This is because thefiles being copied are retainin

NOTE: For the following RVUs, the mv command fails with error “Guardian or User Defined Error197” if a remote user attempts to move an SQL object that

$ ls file1 file3 newfile project reports Finally, list the contents of the /reports directory to verify that the command has moved the filethe

The actual differing lines then follow. In the leftmost column, < (left angle bracket) indicates linesfrom file1 and > (right angle bracket) ind

The filename entry can be the name of the file, the relative pathname of the file, the absolutepathname of the file, or a list of filenames separated

Removing a Single FileIn the following example, you remove the file called file1 from your home directory. If you aren’talready in your home directory

$ rm -i record? Before removing each file, the system prompts you, and with a y or n response to the prompt, youcan tell the system whether to remove

a single disk partition. (A disk partition is a physical disk, or a portion of one, that has beenprepared to contain file directories.)Using LinksTo l

About This DocumentThis user’s guide describes the HP NonStop™ Open System Services (OSS) user environment.Specifically, this guide describes:• OSS en

Removing LinksFiles are removed (deleted) with the rm (remove file) command. When a file is linked to more thanone filename—that is, when several name

The third field for each entry, the number to the left of the user name, represents the number oflinks to that inode-number. Notice that file3 and che

Note that the file command has identified file1, file2, and file3 as ASCII text files andproject and reports as directories.NOTE: For ASCII text files

9 Managing DirectoriesThis chapter describes how to manage OSS directories. After completing this chapter, you will beable to:• Create directories• Ch

Note that in the file structure in Figure 6, the /project, /project2, and /reports directoriesare located one level below your home directory and that

$ pwd /u/uname/project2 $ cd To change your current directory to the /status directory, enter the cd command with the relativepathname, as follows:$ c

$ pwd /u/unameTo move up the directory structure more than one level, you can use a series of relative directorynames, as shown in the following examp

Copying Directories (cp)You can use the cp command with the -r flag to copy directories and directory trees to anotherpart of the file system. The cp

Removing Directories (rmdir)When you no longer need a particular directory, you can remove it from the file system with thermdir (remove directory) co

costs tasksThe /project2 directory still contains three subdirectories: /costs, /reports, and /tasks.You can remove these directories by using patt

AcknowledgmentThe Portable Archive Interchange (pax) utility software was developed by Mark H. Colburn andis sponsored by the USENIX Association.©1989

rm -ri pathnameWhen you enter the command in this form, you are prompted for verification before each file ordirectory is removed. By answering y (yes

10 Managing Access to Files and DirectoriesThis chapter describes how to control access to your files and directories. After reading this chapter,you

The user/owner of a file or directory is generally the person who created it. If you are the ownerof a file, you can change the file permissions with

Figure 8 File and Directory Permission FieldsDefault PermissionsWhen you create a file or directory, the system automatically supplies a predetermined

-rw-r--r-- 1 larry system 0 Jun 5 11:03 record1 -rw-r--r-- 1 larry system 0 Jun 5 11:03 record6 drwxr-xr-x 2 larry system 32 Jun 5 10:31

the file or files whose permissions you want to change. You can also use pattern-matching charactersto specify files.The userclass-operation-permissio

Changing Directory PermissionsThe procedure for changing directory permissions is the same as that for changing file permissions.However, to list the

You can also use an absolute assignment to remove permissions. In the following example, thecommand chmod a=rw file3 assigns read (r) and write (w) pe

The entire permission code for a file or directory is specified with a four-digit octal number, onedigit each for owner, group, and others, and one di

2=no write permission1=no execute permission0=read,write, and execute permissionTable 21 lists the eight possible octal values for each position of oc

• Added Secure SFTP transfer information to “The ftp Utility” (page 153).• Added the new “OSS Core Utilities User Commands” (page 185) appendix.New an

read and execute permissions. However, because you have previously set a user mask of 037,that further restricts the file permissions. As a result, th

The owner entry is the user name of the new owner of the file. The filename entry is a list ofone or more files whose ownership you want to change. Yo

Manipulating an audited Guardian file through OSS function calls and the /G directory also causeslog entries; the information logged for Guardian file

Table 22 OSS Functions Audited When Used With Audited Filesets (continued)Attributes or Actions AuditedOSS FunctionThe contents of the symbolic link a

Additional Security ConsiderationsThe security guidelines enforced at your site protect your files from unauthorized access. See yoursystem administra

11 Managing ProcessesThis chapter discusses OSS processes. After completing this chapter, you will be able to do thefollowing:• Understand OSS program

Table 25 Shell Notation for Redirecting Input and OutputExampleDescriptionNotationwc <file3Reads standard input messages from a file.<ls >fil

$ ls >> fileIf file does not exist, the shell creates it. Redirecting Standard Error Messages to a FileWhen a command executes successfully, it

the shell to write the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to the file associated with the standardoutput file (>&1), outfile.Running Sev

$ find / -type f -print > dirpaths & [1] 24 When the background process starts, the system assigns it a job number and a process ID anddisplay

Chapter 4: OSS Commands and UtilitiesThis chapter lists and describes user commands and utilities.Chapter 5: Interoperability Between OSS and Guardian

You can also check the status of a particular process by using the -p flag and the process ID withthe ps command. The general format for checking the

57618 #ptmy11a 00:00 /bin/-sh46150 #ptmykzh 00:00 vi57570 #ptmy110 00:00 <defunct>85419 #ptmy110 00:00 <defunct>Generally, the

The general format for terminating a process is as follows:kill process_IDIf you wish to end all the processes you have started since starting Open Sy

MANUALS.RICK /G/ztnt/#pty003e Oct 19 15:12 Note that the who command lists the user name of each user on the system, the system being used,and

lp outfile<EOF>127448228.aAlternatively, you can submit multiple commands by entering the commands into a file and specifyingthe filename on the

where job-numbers is one or more assigned job numbers assigned by at. For example, thefollowing command cancels three jobs:$ at -r 127448231.a 1274482

• month is the month of the year (1 through 12) of execution.• weekday is the day of the week (0 through 6 for Sunday through Saturday) of execution.•

12 Productivity Tools: grep and findThis chapter describes two utilities that help you work with files. After completing this chapter, youwill be able

$ grep "Mario Garcia" emp* empad: Mario Garcia X3871 As a result of the preceding grep command, you have learned that Mario Garcia is in th

Deleting Lines and Saving the Output in Another FileSuppose that you maintain a file that lists everyone in your company by medical insurance carrier.

Computer TypeComputer type letters indicate:• C and Open System Services (OSS) keywords, commands, and reserved words. Typethese items exactly as show

/usr/chang/reports96 /usr/chang/reports96/reportjan /usr/chang/reports96/reportjan.tmp /usr/chang/reports96/reportmay /usr/chang/reports96/reportmay.t

13 Transferring and Archiving FilesThere are several utilities for copying, moving, and transferring files between the OSS and Guardianenvironments.Fo

behave the same as UNIX tape devices. The interaction between the tape process and tape deviceis transparent to the pax user.If the -W wait flag appea

Restoring Files From a Tape to the Guardian EnvironmentTo restore files from the tape mounted on $TAPE to the Guardian target $VOL.SUBVOL, extractingo

If ftp finds a $HOME/.netrc autologin entry for the specified host, ftp attempts to use theinformation in that entry to automatically log in to the re

A The vi EditorThe vi text editor is well suited for the day-to-day editing tasks of most computer users. Using vi,you can quickly and easily open a f

also result in certain vi command keys not functioning properly. However, you can take thefollowing steps to ensure the correct behavior of vi:• Start

Example 2 Sample .exrc File" arrow keysmap <Ctrl-V><up-arrow> kmap! <Ctrl-V><up-arrow> <Ctrl-V><Esc>kimap <

You should see the text of your sample file at the top of the screen and a number of lines followingit that begin with a ~ (tilde). The lines beginnin

Add the word “new” just before the word “text” in the first line in the file: First, move the cursor tothe t in “text.” Then, enter input mode by typi

M address [ , new-value ]… - ] {0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9}…An ellipsis immediately following a single syntax item indicates that you can repeat that syntaxi

general form to move the cursor in larger steps. For example, to move the cursor forward fivewords, enter:5w Deleting Multiple WordsUsing the general

Searching for StringsUse the / command to search for strings of characters in a file. To try the / command, first moveto the top of the my.file file.

Other vi FeaturesYou may want to try some of the other features of vi. The reference page for vi lists its availablecommands. You may want to pay part

The vi command : prompts for an ex command. This substitution command is applied to all linesin the file by the % address. The / (slash) is used as a

:1,3w my.new.file<Return>Deleting a Block of TextThe delete command in ex is d, just as in vi. To delete from the current line to the end of the

you enter vi or ex. In this file, you do not need to use the vi command :, because these commandsare read directly by the underlying ex editor.For exa

B The ed EditorThis appendix explains how to create, edit, display, and save text files using the ed editor, aline-editing program.A good way to learn

a The only way to stop appending is to type a line that contains only a period. . If you stop adding text to the buffer and then decide you want to ad

NOTE: The u (undo) subcommand restores the buffer to the state it was in before it was lastmodified by an ed subcommand. The subcommands that u can re

e filenameThis command loads the file filename into the buffer, erasing any previous contents of thebuffer.nr filenameThis command reads the named fil

[ ] BracketsBrackets enclose items that are sometimes, but not always, displayed. For example:Event number = number [ Subject = first-subject-value ]A

then renumbers all the lines in the buffer. If you do not use a line number, the r subcommand addsthe new file to the end of the buffer’s contents.The

Finding Your Position in the BufferWhen you first load a file into the buffer, the last line of the file is the current line. As you workwith the file

- The only way to stop - ?When you try to move beyond the first line in the buffer, you receive the ? message. You cannotmove beyond the top of the bu

The context search begins on the first line before the current line and locates the first line thatcontains the string appending. That line becomes th

where n is the number of the line on which the substitution is to be made. In the following example,the s subcommand moves to line number 1, replaces

Substituting at the Beginning or End of a LineTwo special characters let you make substitutions at the beginning or end of a line:Makes a substitution

nd • To delete lines numbered n through m from the buffer, enter:n,md Deleting the Current LineIf you want to delete the current line, simply enter d.

In the following example, the 1,2m4 subcommand moves the first two lines of the buffer to theposition following line 4:1,2m4 1,$p line that contains o

The only way to stop appending new material is to use the proper keys to create a a period. The period on a line by itself stops ed from adding text t

line that contains only --repeat, only-- a period. In the 4i subcommand, you enter the new line of text and then type a period on the next line toend

Figure 1 Manuals Related to the Open System Services User’s GuideFollowing are descriptions of related manuals:• C/C++ Programmer’s Guide. This guide

The 1,$p subcommand displays the entire contents of the buffer, showing that ed has made andinserted the copies and that the original lines are not af

C Displaying Version Information With vprocThe vproc command uniquely identifies and displays product version information for one or morefiles. If you

Running vproc Interactivelyvproc can be run interactively. Starting an interactive vproc process from the OSS environmentallows you to retrieve inform

Displayed InformationDisplayed LabelIndicates the type of system the product runs on, which can be TNS(CISC-based architecture), TNS/R (RISC-based arc

RecoveryNo action is required.184 Displaying Version Information With vproc

D OSS Core Utilities User CommandsThe OSS Utilities product (OSSUTIL – T8626) provides the essential OSS user commands andutilities. Beginning with th

The following table lists the available OSS Core Utilities commands as of the J06.17 and H06.28RVUs. This list is not a comprehensive list.Print machi

Front-end for the groff document formatting system.groffPrint the groups a user is in.groupsCompress or expand files.gzipOutput the first part of file

Remove files or directories.rmRemove empty directories.rmdirSide-by-side merge of file differences.sdiffPrint a sequence of numbers.seqCompute and che

Print the user names of users currently logged in to the current host.usersList directory contents.vdirVi IMproved, a programmer's text editor.vi

• Guardian TNS/R Native C Library Calls Reference Manual. This manual describes syntaxand semantics of the C run-time library calls and header files f

or specify:/usr/coreutils/bin/command◦ To use an original OSS Utilities command, you can set the PATH environment variable:export PATH=/bin:/usr/coreu

Glossary$ZTC0 1. The default transport-provider process that provides Transmission Control Protocol/InternetProtocol (TCP/IP) services to sockets prog

See also common applications environment (CAE).base profile. A minimum set of software components required to create a common applications environment

compliance The testing and verification process that precedes X/Open licensing.conformancedocumentAn implementor’s document that must accompany softwa

data transparent. Describes software that examines all eight bits of every data byte, and that uses no bit in a databyte for its own purposes. Interna

extended datasegmentAn area of virtual memory used to contain data.feature-test macro A symbol that, if defined in a program’s source code, includes s

See also fileset..file transferprotocol (FTP)1. The Internet-standard, high-level protocol for transferring files from one machine to another.The serv

• Supplementary group ID• Saved-set group IDgroup list. A process attribute that is used with the effective group ID of the process to determine the f

internationalization.The process of designing and coding software so that it can be adapted to meet the needs ofdifferent languages, cultures, and cha

localization. The process of adapting computer interfaces, data, and documentation to the culturally acceptedway of presenting information in the cult

© Copyright 1996, 2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.Confidential computer software. Valid license from HP required for possession, use or

Include the document title, part number, and any comment, error found, or suggestion forimprovement you have concerning this document.20

Open SystemServices (OSS)environmentThe HP NonStop Open System Services (OSS) application program interface (API), tools, andutilities.Open SystemServ

pathnamecomponent.See filename..pathnameresolution.In the Open System Services (OSS) environment, the process of associating a single file with aspeci

real group ID. An attribute of a process. When a process is created, the real group ID identifies the group ofthe user or parent process that created

set-user-IDprogramA program file that has the S_ISUID bit set in its file mode.shared memory An interprocess communication mechanism that allows two o

system A single copy of the HP NonStop operating system and the collection of hardware groups inwhich it runs.system console An optional file that rec

IndexSymbols&, 138&&, 35( ), 37*, 30.exrc file and vi editor, 156.profile file, 43, 88aliases, 40example, 48reexecuting, 40/ directory (sl

COLUMNS variable, 44comm command, 56Commandentry aids, 35schedulingat command, 143batch command, 145crontab command, 145syntax, 55command command, 56C

line, 57ln, 57, 108locale, 57logger, 58logname, 58lp, 58, 99lpstat, 58, 99ls, 58, 74, 76, 93, 116make, 58man, 54, 58man pages, 53mkcatdefs, 58mkdir, 5

cron program, 145crontab command, 56, 145crontab file, 145csplit command, 56Ctrl-c, 90Current directoryoverview, 114removing, 119Customizing the vi en

overview, 26permissions, 121, 125printing, 98removing, 106renaming, 103searching, 147sorting, 105transferring, 151types, 111Filesetsmounting, 89overvi

1 Introduction to Open System ServicesOpen System Services (OSS) is the HP open computing interface to the NonStop operating system.The OSS environmen

Locating files, 149logger command, 58Logging off TACL, 87Logging on to TACL, 85logname command, 58LOGNAMES variable, 44lp command, 58, 99lpstat comman

pinstall command, 74pipe() function, 133Pipes, 36pname command, 58POSIX.1 standards, 25POSIX.2 standards, 25PPID variable, 44pr command, 58, 96print c

SHELL variable, 45Shell variables.profile file, 47clearing, 48defining, 46displaying, 48exporting, 47parameter substitution, 47shift command, 34, 59,

interactive, 182VT100 emulation, 85Wwait command, 34, 60, 67wall command, 60wc command, 60, 136whatis command, 54, 60whence command, 34, 60, 67who com

to the Guardian environment. The function of some OSS commands has been extended fromordinary UNIX usage to allow interoperability with the NonStop op

Figure 2 OSS and Guardian Application and User InterfacesBecause of its interrelationship with the Guardian environment, from a user standpoint Open S

OSS EnvironmentA typical NonStop system on which the OSS environment has been installed includes workstationsconnected to it by a local area network.

formats defined by the POSIX.1 standard; the shell and utilities defined by the POSIX.2 standard;plus additional commands, Internationalization (I18N)

2 The OSS File SystemThe OSS file system conforms to the POSIX standards and is therefore essentially the same as aUNIX file system. It is fundamental

OSS Directories and SubdirectoriesYou can organize your files into groups and subgroups by placing them in directories. In addition,you can place dire

At the next level down from the root directory are nine directories, each with its own system ofsubdirectories and files. Figure 3 shows subdirectorie

Relative PathnamesRelative pathnames do not begin with / (root). Instead they define a path that is relative to eitherthe directory you are currently

ContentsAbout This Document...11Supported Release Version Updates (RVU

OSS FilesetsThe OSS file system consists of one or more filesets. Each fileset is a hierarchy of files—a set ofdirectories, subdirectories, and files.

3 The OSS ShellThe user interface in the OSS environment is called the OSS “shell.” The OSS shell is a programthat interprets the commands you enter,

Table 1 Selected OSS Shell Features (continued)DescriptionFeatureA feature that allows user-assigned values to be passed to the shell and to variables

Table 2 Shell Metacharacters (continued)DescriptionMetacharacterRedirects output to a specified file.>Redirects input and specifies that the shell

Table 3 Shell Built-In Commands (continued)DescriptionCommandSends a signal to a running process. (Both a regular form and a shell built-in formof kil

Command-Entry AidsThe following shell command-entry aids are supported by the OSS shell:• “Using Multiple Commands and Command Lists ”• “Using Pipes a

In the following example, the shell runs each command only if the previous command has executedsuccessfully:$ cmd1 && cmd2 && cmd3 &am

3. The output of grep r-x becomes the input to wc -l, which displays the number of filesmatching the grep criteria in the standard input file.To get t

QuotingReserved characters are characters such as < > |& ? and *. Reserved characters have specialmeanings to the shell. To use a reserved c

more than one filename or pathname that matches the partial name you entered, the shell lists thepossible matches.To activate the filename-completion

OSS Filesets...30Specifying Na

Exporting AliasesThe shell allows you to export the aliases you create. Aliases that are exported are passed to anysubshells that are created so that

reexecute them. This feature may save you time because it allows you to reuse long commandsinstead of reentering them.To view the contents of the hist

To display the command history buffer and edit its contents, use the built-in command fc (fixcommand). The fc command has two formats. The first forma

16 pwd 17 cd /u/ben/reports 18 more sales Editing and Executing Command LinesTo display and edit command lines 15 through 18 with the vi editor, enter

A .profile file resides in each user’s home directory and contains information that affects onlythat individual user’s shell. The variables and user d

Table 8 Variables (continued)DescriptionVariableReturns a random integer between 0 and 32767. Initialize by assigning a numericvalue to RANDOM.RANDOMU

Table 9 Default Environment VariablesDefault Value (Applies Only to the /etc/profile File)VariableUnspecifiedCOLUMNSUnspecifiedEDITORUnspecifiedENV/bi

Setting Variables on the Command LineTo set a variable on the command line, simply enter an assignment statement. For example, youcan create a variabl

$ . ./.profileDisplaying the Values of VariablesYou can display the value of any variable currently set in your shell. To display the value of asingle

• Display of messages to your workstation• The trap command• Command aliases• History variablesIn the .profile file, an example of which is shown in E

Printing and Formatting ...63Process Management...

Table 10 Description of Example .profile File (continued)DescriptionLineSpecifies vi as the default editor for command-line editing at theshell prompt

the system administrator specifies default PATH directories for new users. However, moreexperienced users may need to change these PATH directories.Th

2. Use the chmod +x command to give the file x (execute) status. For example, the commandchmod g+x reserve gives execute status to the file reserve fo

4 OSS Commands and UtilitiesThis chapter discusses the OSS end-user commands and utilities, file formats, and miscellaneousfiles. (Commands typically

Utilities Reference Manual and in the online reference pages (sometimes called man pages). Eachreference page documents a single command or utility.Be

returns the following:Creates one or more DEFINEs for the current OSS shell.add_define(1)Deletes one or more DEFINEs for the current OSS shell.del_def

Displays a calender.cal(1)Removes job requests from the line printer spooling queue.cancel(1)Concatenates or displays files.cat(1)Changes the current

Exits the shell (a shell built-in command).exit(1)Replaces tabs or space characters.expand(1)Exports variables (a shell built-in command).export(1)Eva

Processes locale and character map files.localedef(1)Makes entries in the system log.logger(1)Displays the user’s login name.logname(1)Sends files to

Removes a directory.rmdir(1)Executes the specified command remotely.rsh(1)Runs processes with Guardian attributes.run(1)Invokes the mkcatdefs utility

Specifying Terminal Characteristics With the stty Command...88Modifying Your Shell Environment..

Removes or lists repeated lines in a file.uniq(1)Expands files compressed by the pack command.unpack(1)Erases parameter values (a shell built-in comma

Removes unnecessary information from executable files.strip(1)Describes a command’s function.whatis(1)ArchivingFollowing is a list of OSS commands and

Breaks lines in files.fold(1)Joins the lines of two files.join(1)Links files.ln(1)Lists and generates statistics for files.ls(1)Makes a new directory.

Printing and FormattingFollowing is a list of OSS commands and utilities for printing and formatting.Removes job requests from the line printer spooli

Remote AccessFollowing is a list of OSS commands and utilities for remote access.Transfers files between a local OSS file system and a remote host.ftp

System Management and Configuration InformationFollowing is a list of OSS commands and utilities for system management and configurationinformation.Di

Changes the current working directory.cd(1)Resumes the next iteration of an enclosing loop.continue(1)Deletes one or more DEFINEs for the current OSS

Awaits process completion.wait(1)Tells how a name would be interpreted if used as a command.whence(1)Some shell built-in commands have counterparts th

5 Interoperability Between OSS and Guardian EnvironmentsOn the user level, several types of interoperability between the OSS and Guardian environments

The Guardian file system is accessible from the OSS environment through the OSS /G directoryfor local files or the /E directory for files from remote

Changing Your Current Directory...114Using Relative Pathname Notat

NOECauses the /E directory to be invisible to the specified command.NOGCauses the /G directory to be invisible to the specified command.NOG:NOECauses

The /E indicates that what follows is an Expand filename. The /G indicates that what follows is aGuardian filename. Note that the $ (dollar sign) is o

OSS PathnameGuardian Filename/G/p/#pty12$P.#pty12/E/node1/G/vol/subvol/file\node1.$vol.subvol.fileThe $ (dollar sign) in front of the volume name is n

gtacl -c 'fup dup subvolume.filename, newsubvolume.filename'To get information about a Guardian subvolume, at the OSS prompt enter:gtacl -p

For more information on the run command, see the run(1) reference page either online or inthe Open System Services Shell and Utilities Reference Manua

You can try these (and the other) OSS commands within the Guardian environment, using theexamples that follow as models. However, your results can var

This command gets information about a Guardian subvolume. The shell quotes preserve specialcharacters for interpretation by the Guardian processThe gt

ps -W name=/G/cmonresults in a display of information on the Guardian process named $cmon similar to the following:HOMETERMPROGRAMFILEUSERID%WTPFRGPRI

Guardian Commands and OSS EquivalentsTable 12 lists Guardian commands and their OSS equivalents. Not all Guardian commands havea corresponding OSS com

Table 12 OSS Equivalents to Guardian Commands (continued)OSS EquivalentDescriptionGuardian CommandrmDeletes a file.FUP PURGEmvRenames a file.FUP RENAM

12 Productivity Tools: grep and find...147Searching Files for Text Patterns (grep)...

Table 12 OSS Equivalents to Guardian Commands (continued)OSS EquivalentDescriptionGuardian CommandpsDisplays status of running processes.STATUSkillSto

Table 13 Guardian Equivalents to OSS Commands (continued)Guardian EquivalentDescriptionOSS CommandCompiles native mode C and C++programs.c89• NMC for

Table 13 Guardian Equivalents to OSS Commands (continued)Guardian EquivalentDescriptionOSS CommandNoneGenerates a formatted messagecatalog.gencatNoneG

Table 13 Guardian Equivalents to OSS Commands (continued)Guardian EquivalentDescriptionOSS CommandPURGERemoves directory entries.rmPURGERemoves direct

Table 13 Guardian Equivalents to OSS Commands (continued)Guardian EquivalentDescriptionOSS CommandNoneConstructs an argument list and invokesa utility

6 Running the OSS ShellA typical OSS environment includes a NonStop system running the NonStop operating system.Most frequently, users are working at

If you do not have a password or if you want to change your password, use the PASSWORDutility. A password can contain from one to eight letters, numbe

ExplanationFlagStarts a Guardian environment debugging tool.-debugSpecifies the Guardian DEFINE mode for the child process.-defmode on | offSpecifies

exitThis will return you to your TACL prompt.To log off from the TACL session, at the TACL prompt enter:logoffEnd the TELNET session. If necessary, re

BackupsBackups are done using the pax utility. The backup process for an OSS system is described in theOpen System Services Management and Operations

Using the r (Read) Subcommand...169Displaying and Changing the Cu

7 Creating FilesThis chapter begins the tutorial part of this guide, where you are introduced to many of the frequentlyused OSS user commands and util

Two text editing programs are available with Open System Services: vi and ed. Each has its ownmethods of displaying text, as well as its own set of su

4. Close the file file1 by pressing the Esc key (to exit from insert mode) and then typing a: (colon) followed by the letter w and pressing Return (:w

8 Managing FilesThis chapter discusses how to manage OSS files. After reading this chapter, you will be able to:• List files• Display and print files•

You can also list individual files and subdirectories in your current directory using the commandformat:ls filenameThe filename entry can be the name

The following example shows a long (-l flag) listing of a current directory. (The name larry isthe owner of the files. Your user name will replace lar

The general format of more and cat is the following:command filenameThe command entry is either more or cat. The filename entry can be the name of one

to take the output from the pr command and use it as input to the more command. For moreinformation on pipes, see Chapter 3 (page 31).Sometimes you ma

Printing FilesThe OSS print utilities include three utilities: lp, lpstat, and cancel. The lp utility sends theprint job requests to the Guardian spoo

The lpstat utility writes, to the standard output device, information about the current status ofthe online accessible printer devices and the status