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Calculus – Dierential
Curl
Returns the rotational curl of a vector eld. Curl([A B C], [x y z]) is dened to be [dC/dy-dB/dz dA/dz-dC/dx
dB/dx-dA/dy].
curl([Expr1, Expr2, …, ExprN], [Var1, Var2, …, VarN])
Example:
curl([2*x*y,x*z,y*z],[x,y,z]) returns [z-x,0,z- 2*x]
Divergence
Returns the divergence of a vector eld, dened by:
divergence([A,B,C],[x,y,z])=dA/dx+dB/dy+dC/dz.
divergence([Expr1, Expr2, …, ExprN], [Var1, Var2, …, VarN])
Example:
divergence([x^2+y,x+z+y,z^3+x^2],[x,y,z]) gives 2*x+3*z^2+1
Gradient
Returns the gradient of an expression. With a list of variables as second argument, returns the vector of
partial derivatives.
grad(Expr,LstVar)
Example:
grad(2*x^2*y-x*z^3,[x,y,z]) gives [2*2*x*y-z^3,2*x^2,-x*3*z^2]
Hessian
Returns the Hessian matrix of an expression.
hessian(Expr,LstVar)
Example:
hessian(2*x^2*y-x*z,[x,y,z]) gives [[4*y,4*x,-1],[2*2*x,0,0],[-1,0,0]]
Calculus – Integral
By Parts u
Performs integration by parts of the expression f(x)=u(x)*v'(x), with f(x) as the rst argument and u(x) (or 0)
as the second argument. Specically, returns a vector whose rst element is u(x)*v(x) and whose second
element is v(x)*u'(x). With the optional third, fourth and fth arguments you can specify a variable of
integration and bounds of the integration. If no variable of integration is provided, it is taken as x.
ibpu(f(Var), u(Var), [Var], [Real1], [Real2])
Example:
ibpu(x*ln(x), x) returns [x*(x*ln(x) –x*ln(x)+x]
368 Chapter 22 Functions and commands
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