HP 34970A Manual do Utilizador Página 369
- Página / 429
- Índice
- RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS
- MARCADORES
Avaliado. / 5. Com base em avaliações de clientes
Strain Gage Measurements
Although the instrument does not directly support strain measurements,
you can measure a strain gage using a 4-wire resistance measurement
with scaling. However, HP BenchLink Data Logger software has built-in
strain gage measurement capability.
When a force is applied to a body, the body deforms. The deformation
per unit length is called strain (
ε). Strain may be either tensile (+) or
compressive (-). Practical strain values are usually quite small
(typically less than 0.005 inch/inch for most metals) and are often
expressed in micro-strains (
µε). There are three common types of strain
measurements as shown below.
Stress Stress is a term used to compare the loading applied to a
material with its ability to carry the load. Stress (
σ) in a material can
not be measured directly; it must be computed from material properties
and measurable quantities such as strain and force.
Normal Strain (
ε) is a measure
of the deformation along the axis
of the applied force.
ε = ∆L / L
Shearing Strain (
γ) is a measure
of the angular distortion of a
body. It is approximated by the
tangent of the angle formed by
the angular change between two
line segments that were parallel
in the undeformed state.
Poisson Strain (
ν) measures a
property of materials known as
the Poisson Ratio. It is the
negative ratio of transverse and
longitudinal normal strain
when a body has a longitudinal
tensile force applied.
ν = -ε
t
/ ε,
where ε
t
= ∆D / D and ε = ∆L / L
FF
L + ∆L
D -
∆D
Force
(F)
L + ∆L
Force
(F)
γ
F
8
Chapter 8 Tutorial
Measurement Fundamentals
373
- HP 34970A 1
- The Front Panel at a Glance 3
- Display Annunciators 5
- The Rear Panel at a Glance 6
- PC for gathering and 7
- SMB connections 9
- RF multiplexers, you can 9
- LO) switching 10
- In This Book 11
- Contents 12
- Quick Start 16
- Standby only 18
- Installation Procedure 19
- On-Line Help System 20
- 4 Replace the module cover 21
- 7,0(30 23
- -81 23
- DAC) modules 24
- SCAN annunciator 25
- READINGS and press 25
- 3$67(72 26
- To Close a Channel 27
- HP Part Number: 2110-0458 29
- Chapter 1 Quick Start 30
- To Rack Mount the Instrument 31
- Front-Panel 33
- Overview 33
- Front-Panel Overview 34
- Front-Panel Menu Reference 35
- To Monitor a Single Channel 37
- ,17(59$/6&$1 38
- 6&$16 38
- , 39
- ,9'& 39
- /$%(/$6/%6 39
- 86($/$50 40
- +,$/$5021/< 40
- ,°& 41
- ',1 42
- '287 43
- '287 43
- 5($'5(6(7 44
- To Output a DC Voltage 45
- +3,% 46
- $''5(66 46
- %$8' 47
- (9(1,%,76 47
- )/2:'75'65 47
- 1$0(67$7( 48
- 7(67BUDFNB 48
- 6725(67$7( 48
- 67$7( 48
- &+$1*(6$9(' 48
- System Overview 49
- Measurement Software 52
- Optional 53
- Plug-In Modules 54
- System Cabling 55
- Transducers and Sensors 56
- Signal Routing and Switching 57
- DMM, you create a scanner 58
- LO measurements 58
- Channel Open 59
- Channel Closed 59
- Measurement Input 60
- Scanning 62
- The Multifunction Module 65
- Control Output 67
- ±12 volts with 68
- SPDT) switches 69
- Features and 70
- Functions 70
- Features and Functions 71
- SCPI Language Conventions 72
- Power Failure 76
- HP-IB interface by 81
- TTL pulse is received 82
- EXT annunciator turns on as a 82
- TTL pulse is 82
- @103) Enable the upper limit 84
- Scan Count 85
- Reading Format 86
- Channel Delay 87
- Automatic Channel Delays 88
- Single-Channel Monitoring 92
- Measurement Range 97
- 9'& 99
- P9'& 99
- ,2+0 99
- A/D) converter 100
- Custom A/D Integration Time 102
- PLCs for the active channel 103
- INTEGRATE T from the Advanced 103
- Autozero 104
- Measurement Units 105
- Thermocouple Measurements 106
- RTD measurement 107
- RTD Measurements 109
- RTD type 110
- Thermistor Measurements 111
- DC Input Resistance 112
- AC Low Frequency Filter 113
- Offset Compensation 114
- 20 Hz), or fast filter 116
- Low Frequency Timeout 117
- Mx+B Scaling 118
- =0.001428571, B= 119
- SCALING OFF 120
- Alarm Limits 121
- CHANNEL OFF 122
- Upper Limit 123
- Lower Limit 123
- Alarm Event 123
- No Alarm 123
- @103,212) 124
- Viewing Stored Alarm Data 125
- 4 Channel Number 126
- Using the Alarm Output Lines 127
- Falling Edge Rising Edge 128
- ;%,1 129
- CALC:COMP:MASK 130
- Digital Input Operations 132
- @302) Read port 02 133
- Totalizer Operations 134
- @<ch_list>)] 136
- @<scan_list>) 136
- Digital Output Operations 137
- DAC Output Operations 138
- System-Related Operations 139
- Error Conditions 141
- Self-Test 142
- Display Control 143
- Real-Time System Clock 144
- Internal DMM Disable 144
- Firmware Revision Query 145
- Relay Cycle Count 146
- DMM relay or the 147
- SCPI Language Version Query 148
- HP-IB Address 149
- Remote Interface Selection 150
- Parity Selection (RS-232) 151
- XON/XOFF 152
- DTR/DSR, RTS/CTS, or Modem 152
- XOFF” character (13H) 152
- Calibration Overview 154
- Calibration Message 157
- Calibration Count 158
- Factory Reset State 159
- Instrument Preset State 160
- Compensation 161
- Module Reference 162
- Channel Switches 163
- Shunt Switches 163
- Bank Switch 163
- Backplane Switches 163
- HP 34904A 4x8 Matrix Switch 169
- Digital Input/Output 173
- Totalize Input 173
- Analog Output (DAC) 173
- Remote Interface 177
- Reference 177
- Remote Interface Reference 178
- SCPI Command Summary 179
- @101,121) 180
- @101:220) 180
- @101:122) 180
- ,][(@<channel>)] 183
- >[,(@<ch_list>)] 190
- Alarm Limit Commands 191
- MIN 194
- MIN 194
- System-Related Commands 195
- ON},<code> 197
- IEEE 488.2 Common Commands 198
- Ω (fixed for all DCV ranges) 199
- Using the MEASure? Command 200
- Using the CONFigure Command 200
- Using the READ? Command 202
- Example: Using MEASure? 203
- RTD measurements 206
- +1.00000000E+01” 213
- MAX selects the largest 214
- 3.00000000E-05” 214
- PLCs) on the 216
- PLC. MIN = 0.02. MAX = 200 216
- +1.00000000E+00” 216
- OFF) or “1” (ON) 219
- +2.89753100E+01” 219
- RTD type in use on 220
- +1.00000000E+02” 220
- @<ch_list>) 223
- Scanning Overview 224
- Scan Interval 225
- @101:103), the ROUT:SCAN? 226
- ABS” or “REL” 230
- +2.61920000E+01” 231
- +0.00000000E+00” 232
- +5.00000000E+00” 232
- MEM annunciator 233
- SCPI definite length block 234
- RF multiplexer modules 235
- DMM is not 235
- #16(@103) 236
- DMM. In this 237
- #214(@101,102,103) 238
- BUS”, “IMM”, “EXT”, or “TIM” 238
- EXTernal” 240
- EXT”, “BUS”, or “IMM” 240
- Mx+B Scaling Overview 242
- ±1E+15. The default is B=0 243
- Alarm System Overview 245
- DIO channels 252
- Digital Input Commands 253
- Totalizer Commands 254
- NEG” or “POS” 255
- Digital Output Commands 256
- DAC Output Commands 256
- Switch Control Commands 257
- State Storage Commands 259
- System-Related Commands 262
- DMM is installed 265
- FACTORY RESET from the 265
- PRESET from the front-panel 265
- ERROR annunciator 266
- SCPI version. Returns a 266
- RS-232 operation. All keys on 267
- RS-232 operation. All keys 267
- RS-232 operation 267
- RS-232 interface and 267
- RS-232 Configuration Overview 268
- RS-232 Flow Control Modes 269
- RS-232 Data Frame Format 270
- RS-232 Troubleshooting 271
- Modem Communications 272
- The SCPI Status System 273
- HP 34970A Status System 274
- Not Used 275
- IEEE-488 SRQ interrupt 277
- SRQ interrupt by sending 277
- The Alarm Register 282
- SCAN annunciator is on) 283
- Status System Commands 284
- 289
- Calibration Commands 290
- CAL: 06-01-98” 291
- 1.00000000E+01” 291
- Service-Related Commands 292
- PRESET from the 293
- [(@<ch_list>)] 294
- Command Separators 296
- Querying Parameter Settings 297
- SCPI Command Terminators 297
- IEEE-488.2 Common Commands 297
- SCPI Parameter Types 298
- Using Device Clear 300
- Error 301
- Messages 301
- Error Messages 302
- Execution Errors 303
- ASCII characters 304
- INTERRUPTED 306
- UNTERMINATED 306
- DEADLOCKED 306
- Instrument Errors 307
- Ω (“2252”), 5 kΩ (“5000”) 308
- DMM has been changed since 309
- DMM. For more information 309
- Self-Test Errors 312
- Calibration Errors 313
- Plug-In Module Errors 315
- Application 316
- Programs 316
- Application Programs 317
- SCPI commands 318
- VISA User’s Guide 325
- Tutorial 329
- Cable Specifications 331
- Single-Point Ground 333
- Separate Grounds 333
- Parallel Grounds 333
- Shielded twisted pair 334
- Double-shielded coaxial cable 334
- DMM on the 335
- RF sources 335
- RFI radiated from the 335
- DMM will measure the 338
- LO terminal 338
- Measurement Fundamentals 339
- Temperature Measurements 341
- DMM’s copper 343
- LO input 343
- DMM’s input terminals 344
- Thermocouple Types 347
- Chapter 8 Tutorial 347
- WITHOUT SHIELD 349
- WITH SHIELD 349
- DC Voltage Measurements 350
- DMM is completely 351
- LO terminal and earth 351
- LO terminal of the internal 352
- DMM to 1 PLC 352
- DUT) is an 353
- DMM’s dc input resistance to 353
- DMM have slight 354
- AC Voltage Measurements 355
- DMM is true RMS, its sinewave 358
- RMS value of a waveform 358
- x 3.14159 x 1000000 359
- √ 360
- V 361
- Current Measurements 363
- DMM as shown below 364
- DMM’s series inductance and 364
- Resistance Measurements 365
- RTD temperature transducers 366
- DMM’s test 367
- Ω resistance in humid 368
- Strain Gage Measurements 369
- GF = (∆R / R) / ε 370
- DMM Sensitivity 371
- DMM’s ac voltage 372
- DMM input channel is 374
- DMM, you could configure a 374
- Four-Wire Multiplexers 376
- Ω when all of the actuator 380
- Ω to 50Ω are 380
- Using Varistors 382
- Matrix Switching 384
- RF Signal Multiplexing 386
- Direct to Module 387
- Using provided adapter cables 387
- Multifunction Module 388
- Using an External Pull-Up 390
- Driving External Switches 390
- Totalizer Errors 392
- DAC Errors 394
- Continuous 395
- Relay Life 396
- Relay Load 396
- Switching Frequency 397
- Replacement Strategy 397
- Specifications 398
- Without Scaling, add 1 399
- Chapter 9 Specifications 400
- AC Accuracy Specifications 401
- System Speeds 403
- System Characteristics 403
- Module Specifications 404
- HP 34905A, 34906A 405
- Software Specifications 407
- ≤ 150 µV 409
- ≤ 1.5 µV 409
- Measurement Error 410
- DMM on the 10 Vdc range 410
- Sensitivity 411
- Resolution 412
- Accuracy 412
- 24-Hour Accuracy 413
- 90-Day and 1-Year Accuracy 413
- Temperature Coefficients 413
- Ω (for the 100 mV, 1 V 414
- IndexIndex 415
- ° ” character, 120 417
- (“B”), 121 421
- setting gain (“M”), 39, 121 421
- (“B”), 39, 121 421
- (Mx+B), 119 422
- (Mx+B scaling), 39, 119 422
- , 115, 371 422
- On/Standby switch, 17 422
Manuais e produtos relacionados com Multímetros HP 34970A
Multímetros HP 6205B Manual do Utilizador
(68 páginas)
(68 páginas)
DeVilbiss COMPACT P2-11 manuály
Uživatelské manuály a uživatelské příručky pro Stříkací barva DeVilbiss COMPACT P2-11.
Poskytujeme 2 manuály pdf DeVilbiss COMPACT P2-11 ke stažení zdarma podle typů dokumentů: Uživatelský manuál, Specifikace
Comentários a estes Manuais