HP SuperStack Firewall Series Manual do Utilizador descarregar pdf (Página 180)

180 C

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14: N

ETWORKING

ONCEPTS

(called dotted decimal notation), for example,

123.45.67.89

.Because

computers use a binary number system, each number in the set must be

less than 255.

There are three components that contribute to an IP address:

■

IP address itself

■

Subnet mask

■

Default gateway

The following sections discuss each of these components in detail.

IP Address

Just as each household or business requires a unique phone number, a

networked device (such as a computer, printer, file server, or router) must

have a unique IP address. Unlike phone numbers, in IP addressing it is

necessary to always use the entire number when communicating with

other devices.

There are three classes of IP addresses: A, B, and C. Like a main business

phone number that one can call and then be transferred through

interchange numbers to an individual’s extension number, the different

classes of IP addresses provide for varying levels of interchanges or

subnetworks and extensions or device numbers. The classes are based on

estimated network size:

■

Class A — used for very large networks with hundreds of subnetworks

and thousands of devices. Class A networks use IP addresses between

0.0.0.0

and

127.0.0.0

■

Class B — used for medium to large networks with 10–100

subnetworks and hundreds of devices. Class B networks use IP

addresses between

128.0.0.0

and

191.0.0.0

■

Class C — used for small to medium networks, usually with only a few

subnetworks and less than 200 devices. Class C networks use IP

addresses between

192.0.0.0

and

223.0.0.0

Just as you obtain a phone number from the phone company, there are

controlling bodies for IP addresses. The overall controlling body for IP

addresses worldwide is InterNIC. Businesses or individuals can request

one or many IP addresses from InterNIC; if you can estimate the future

growth of the network, this can help you to work out the class and

number of IP addresses you need.

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